The public education system in Cambodia was very good and had been recognized for both local and international levels in Sanghum Reshnyum regime, but it was completely destroyed during genocidal regime between 1970 until 1975. Some schools are closed or ruined whereas the others are served as the prisons, for example, Toulsleng prison. On the other hand, after toppling down Pol Pot’s regime, and getting the peace agreement from Paris in 1993, the public education system in Cambodia has very fast grown up until now. Presently, the public education system in Cambodia is divided into different kinds of levels such as:
(1) It is Kindergarten. Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports in Cambodia announced that all the children who are 6 years are able to attend school by not paying any money. The children have to spend 1 year to study in the kindergarten level, and those are taught by kindergarten teachers. The class can be only in the morning or afternoon, and the children have to be sent and picked up by their own parents or relatives.
(2) It is Nursery school. After completing 1 year of kindergarten, the children will move up to primary school that is from grade 1 until 6. Each class is full of 30 to 40 pupils, and they learn only in the morning or afternoon. Those pupils will be taught by one teacher for one class and the teacher is responsible for all kinds of subjects such as khmer literature, mathematics, physics, geography, or history ect. Furthermore, the pupils have to pay themselves for their educational materials, clothes, and transportation.
(3) It is Secondary school. When the pupils complete their study from grade 1 until 6, they will move to secondary school that is from grade 7 until 9, one year for each grade. From grade 7 until 9, the students have to learn harder than before, and they learn a lot of subjects such as khmer literature, English language, physics, chemistry, geography, biology, history, agriculture, sport, home-economic, work-shop, or geology from different teachers. The students have to learn from Monday until Saturday morning, and the class starts at 7.00 – 11.00 a.m & afternoon at 2.00 until 5.00 p.m. However, in grade 9, the students have to take two types of important examination (a) mock exam for testing the ability & (b) national exam: for moving up to grade 10. If they fail the national exam, they will repeat the class.
(4) It is High school. High school starts from grade 10 until 12, and the students have to learn the same as what described in junior high school level, but a bit harder than that. From grade 10 until 11, the student just learn to adapt themselves with the new environments, but they have to learn very hard when they jump into grade 12 because they have to take the examination. The types of examination are the same as done in junior high school including mock exam & state exam. The state exam is really vital for all the students, and they have to pass, or they will repeat the class, or it is hard for them to attend the bachelor degree class.
(5) It is Tertiary education at university or higher education. The students have to pass the state examination to get into each public university such Institute of Foreign Language, Royal University of Phnom Penh in Phnom Penh, Battambang University, Banthay Mean Cheay University, Ruseyvet University in the provinces, and they do not have to pay money for 4-year study. At this level, they can choose the time to study, and it can be in the morning or afternoon depending on their major subjects. However, if they fail the state exam, they have to pay money and learn at private university.
Sam Aun (Andy)
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